محمدی الیاسی ق، چیتساز ا، گرامی ع. (1389). «شناسایی عوامل درونسازمانی موثر بر عملکرد شرکتهای نوپا».
اقتصاد و تجارت نوین. 6(21-22): 27-48..
https://sid.ir/paper/118653/fa
Abdurakhmonov M, Hasija D, Ridge JW, Hill AD. (2023). “Maintaining or altering the status quo in the non- market arena: Theory and evidence from government contract disputes”.
Organization Science. 34: 1004-1026.
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1606.
Abdurakhmonov M, Ridge JW, Hill AD. (2022). “Strategic risk and lobbying: Investigating lobbying breadth as risk management”.
Journal of Management. 48: 1103-1130.
https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063211011762.
----------------. (2021). “UnPolitical Action Committeeking firm external dependence: How government contract dependence affects firm investments and market performance”. Academy of Management Journal. 64: 327-350.
Audretsch DB. Fiedler A. (2023). “Power and entrepreneurship”.
Small Business Economics. 60(4): 1573-1592.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00660-3.
Barnard C. (1938). The functiones of the executives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Barney J. (1991). “Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage”.
Journal of Management. 17: 99-120.
https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108.
Baron DP. (1995). “Integrated strategy: Market and nonmarket components”.
California Management Review. 37: 47-65.
https://doi.org/10.2307/41165788.
Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2022). “Bertelsmann transformation index”.
https://bti-project.org/.
Blais A, Blake D, Dion S. (1993). “Do parties make a difference? Parties and the size of government in liberal democracies”.
American Journal of Political Science. 37: 40-62.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2111523.
Blumentritt TP. (2003). “Foreign subsidiaries’ government affairs activities: The influence of managers and resources”.
Business & Society. 42: 202-233.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650303042002003.
Bonardi JP. (2011). “Corporate political resources and the resource-based view of the firm”.
Strategic Organization. 9: 247-255.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127011417926.
Bono R, Blanca MJ, Arnau J, Gómez-Benito J. (2017). “Non-normal distributions commonly used in health, education, and social sciences: A systematic review”.
Frontiers in Psychology. 8: 1602.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01602.
Bowman EH, Helfat CE. (2001). “Does corporate strategy matter?”.
Strategic Management Journal. 22: 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200101)22:1<1::AID-SMJ143>3.0.CO;2-T.
Brush TH, Bromiley P, Hendrickx M. (1999). “The relative influence of industry and corporation on business segment performance: An alternative estimate”.
Strategic Management Journal. 20: 519-547.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199906)20:6<519::AID-SMJ32>3.0.CO;2-8.
Burris ER. (2005). The Politics of Speaking out: Responses to Voice in Organizations. ProQuest: Cornell University.
Caldeira GA, Hojnacki M, Wright JR. (2000). “The lobbying activities of organized interests in federal judicial nominations”.
Journal of Politics. 62: 51-69.
https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00003.
Campbell JL. (2007). “Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility”.
Academy of Management Review. 32(3): 946-967.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275684.
---------------. (2002). “Ideas, politics, and public policy”.
Annual Review of Sociology. 28: 21-38.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141111.
Certo ST, Busenbark JR, Kalm M, LePine JA. (2020). “Divided we fall: How ratios undermine research in strategic management”.
Organizational Research Methods. 23(2): 211-237.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/1094428118773455.
Chandler JA, Kim Y, Waddingham JA, Hill AD. (2023). “Going global? CEO political ideology and the choice between international alliances and international acquisitions”.
Journal of International Business Studies. 54: 1441-1470.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-023-00607-0.
Chin MK, Hambrick DC, Treviño LK. (2013). “Political ideologies of CEOs: The influence of executives’ values on corporate social responsibility”.
Administrative Science Quarterly. 58: 197-232.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839213486984.
Chitsaz E, Liang D, Khoshsoroor S. (2017). “The impact of resource configuration on Iranian technology venture performance”.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 122: 186-195.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.03.009.
Choi SJ, Jia N, Lu J. (2015). “The structure of political institutions and effectiveness of corporate political lob- bying”.
Organization Science. 26: 158-179.
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0936.
Choma B, Hodson G, Jagayat A, Hoffarth MR. (2020). “Right-wing ideology as a predictor of collective action: A test across four political issue domains”.
Political Psychology. 41: 303-322.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12615.
Coleman JJ. (1999). “Unified government, divided government, and party responsiveness”.
American Political Science Review. 93: 821-835.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2586115.
Colomer JM. (2005). “It’s parties that choose electoral systems (or, Duverger’s laws upside down)”.
Political Studies. 53: 1-21.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00514.x.
Cox G, Kernell S. (2019). The Politics of Divided Government. New York: Routledge.
De Figueiredo JM, Silverman BS. (2006). “Academic earmarks and the returns to lobbying”.
The Journal of Law and Economics. 49: 597-625.
https://doi.org/10.1086/508248.
Den Hond F, Rehbein KA, de Bakker FG, Lankveld HK. (2014). “Playing on two chessboards: Reputation effects between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate political activity (CPA)”.
Journal of Management Studies. 51: 790-813.
https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12063.
Djankov S, Ganser T, McLiesh C, Ramalho R, Shleifer A. (2010). “The effect of corporate taxes on investment and entrepreneurship”.
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics. 2: 31-64.
https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.3.31.
DiMaggio PJ, Powell WW. (1983). “The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields”.
American Sociological Review. 48(2): 147-160.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691229270-005.
Epstein D, O’halloran S. (1996). “Divided government and the design of administrative procedures: A formal model and empirical test”.
The Journal of Politics. 58: 373-397.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2960231.
Espinosa M. (2021). “Labor boundaries and skills: The case of lobbyists”.
Management Science. 67: 1586-1607.
https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3598.
Fiorina MP, Abrams SJ. (2008). “Political polarization in the American public”.
Annual Review of Political Science. 11: 563-588.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836.
Fernandes BP, Dias M. (2024). “Business lobbying: A systematic literature review”.
Economics and Business Quarterly Reviews. 7(1): 181-193.
https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.07.01.568.
Fitza MA. (2017). “How much do CEOs really matter? Reaffirming that the CEO effect is mostly due to chance”.
Strategic Management Journal. 38: 802-811.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2597.
---------------. (2014). “The use of variance decomposition in the investigation of CEO effects: How large must the CEO effect be to rule out chance?”.
Strategic Management Journal. 35: 1839-1852.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2192.
Flammer C. (2018). “Competing for government procurement contracts: The role of corporate social responsibility”.
Strategic Management Journal. 39: 1299-1324.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2767.
Goldman E, Rocholl J, So J. (2013). “Politically connected boards of directors and the allocation of procurement contracts”.
Review of Finance. 17: 1617-1648.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfs039.
Greenwood R, Raynard M, Kodeih F, Micelotta ER, Lounsbury M. (2011). “Institutional complexity and organizational responses”.
Academy of Management Annals. 5(1): 317-371.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2011.590299.
Hadani M, Bonardi JP, Dahan NM. (2017). “Corporate political activity, public policy uncertainty, and firm outcomes: A meta-analysis”.
Strategic Organization. 15: 338-366.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127016651001.
Hadani M, Schuler DA. (2013). “In search of El Dorado: The elusive financial returns on corporate political investments”.
Strategic Management Journal. 34: 165-181.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2006.
Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. 8th ed. Cengage Learning.
Hambrick DC, Mason PA. (1984). “Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers”.
Academy of Management Review. 9(2): 193-206.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1984.4277628.
Hansen WL, Mitchell NJ. (2000). “Disaggregating and explaining corporate political activity: Domestic and foreign corporations in national politics”.
American Political Science Review. 94: 891-903.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2586214.
Hansen WL, Mitchell NJ, Drope JM. (2004). “Collective action, pluralism, and the legitimacy tariff: Corporate activity or inactivity in politics”.
Political Research Quarterly. 57: 421-429.
https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700307.
Hersch PL, McDougall GS. (2000). “Determinants of automobile Political Action Committee contributions to house incumbents: Own versus rival effects”.
Public Choice. 104: 329-343.
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005179819347.
Hillman AJ, Hitt MA. (1999). “Corporate political strategy formulation: A model of approach, participation, and strategy decisions”. Academy of Management Review. 24: 825-842.
Hillman AJ, Keim GD, Schuler D. (2004). “Corporate political activity: A review and research agenda”.
Journal of Management. 30: 837-857.
https://doi.org/10.2307/259357.
Holburn GL, Vanden Bergh RG. (2014). “Integrated market and nonmarket strategies: Political campaign contributions around merger and acquisition events in the energy sector”.
Strategic Management Journal. 35: 450-460.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2096.
Hough JR. (2006). “Business segment performance redux: A multilevel approach”.
Strategic Management Journal. 27: 45-61.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.498.
Hox J, van de Schoot R. (2013). “Robust methods for multilevel analysis”. In Scott MA, Simonoff JS, Marx BD. (Eds.).
The SAGE Handbook of Multilevel Modeling. 387-402. London: Sage.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446247600.n22.
Iversen T, Soskice D. (2006). “Electoral institutions and the politics of coalitions: Why some democracies redis- tribute more than others”.
American Political Science Review. 100: 165-181.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062083.
Iyengar S, Lelkes Y, Levendusky M, Malhotra N, Westwood SJ. (2019). “The origins and consequences of affective polarization in the United States”.
Annual Review of Political Science. 22: 129-146.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034.
Iyengar S, Sood G, Lelkes Y. (2012). “Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization”.
Public Opinion Quarterly. 76(3): 405-431.
https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038.
Jiang J. (1996). “REML estimation: Asymptotic behavior and related topics”.
The Annals of Statistics. 24: 255-286.
https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1033066209.
Jost JT. (2017). “Ideological asymmetries and the essence of political psychology”.
Political Psychology. 38: 167-208.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12407.
---------------. (2006). “The end of the end of ideology”.
American Psychologist. 61: 651.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.651.
Jost JT, Federico CM, Napier JL. (2009). “Political ideology: Its structure, functions, and elective affinities”.
Annual Review of Psychology. 60(1): 307-337.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163600.
Katic IV, Hillman A. (2023). “Corporate political activity, reimagined: Revisiting the political marketplace”.
Journal of Management. 49: 1911-1938.
https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221137069.
Kim H, Fording RC. (2002). “Government partisanship in Western democracies, 1945–1998”.
European Journal of Political Research. 41: 187-206.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00009.
---------------. (1998). “Voter ideology in Western democracies, 1946–1989”.
European Journal of Political Research. 33: 73-97.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00376.
Klein KJ, Kozlowski SW. (2000). Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
Lee JY, Yahiaoui D, Lee KP, Cooke FL. (2022). “Global talent management and multinational subsidiar- ies’ resilience in the Covid-19 crisis: Moderating roles of regional headquarters’ support and headquarters– subsidiary friction”.
Human Resource Management. 61: 355-372.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22100.
Li H, Meng L, Wang Q, Zhou LA. (2008). “Political connections, financing and firm performance: Evidence from Chinese private firms”.
Journal of Development Economics. 87(2): 283-299.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.03.001.
Lux S, Crook TR, Woehr DJ. (2011). “Mixing business with politics: A meta-analysis of the antecedents and outcomes of corporate political activity”.
Journal of Management. 37: 223-247.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310392233.
Macher JT, Mayo JW. (2015). “Influencing public policymaking: Firm-, industry-, and country-level determi-nants”.
Strategic Management Journal. 36: 2021-2038.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2326.
Mackey A. (2008). “The effect of CEOs on firm performance”.
Strategic Management Journal. 29: 1357-1367.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.708.
McClosky H, Zaller J. (1984). The American ethos: Public attitudes toward capitalism and democracy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
McGahan AM, Porter ME. (2005). “Industry, corporate and business-segment effects and business performance: A non-parametric approach by Ruefli and Wiggins”.
Strategic Management Journal. 26: 873-880.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.480.
---------------. (1997). “How much does industry matter, really?”.
Strategic Management Journal. 18: 15-30.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199707)18:1+<15::AID-SMJ916>3.0.CO;2-1.
McWilliams A, Van Fleet DD, Cory KD. (2002). “Raising rivals’ costs through political strategy: An extension of resource-based theory”.
Journal of Management Studies. 39: 707-724.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00308.
Mellahi K, Frynas JG, Sun P, Siegel D. (2016). “A review of the nonmarket strategy literature: Toward a multi- theoretical integration”.
Journal of Management. 42: 143-173.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315617241.
Meyer-Doyle P, Lee S, Helfat CE. (2019). “Disentangling the microfoundations of acquisition behavior and performance”.
Strategic Management Journal. 40: 1733-1756.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3069.
Misangyi VF, Elms H, Greckhamer T, Lepine JA. (2006). “A new perspective on a fundamental debate: A multilevel approach to industry, corporate, and business unit effects”.
Strategic Management Journal. 27: 571-590.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.530.
Mitchell NJ, Hansen WL, Jepsen EM. (1997). “The determinants of domestic and foreign corporate political activity”.
The Journal of Politics. 59: 1096-1113.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2998594.
Mizruchi MS. (1989). “Similarity of political behavior among large American corporations”.
American Journal of Sociology. 95: 401-424.
https://doi.org/10.1086/229274.
Mohammadi Elyasi G, Chitsaz E, Gerami A. (2010). “Identifying internal organizational factors affecting the performance of startups”.
New Economy and Commerce. 6(21-22): 27-48. SID.
https://sid.ir/paper/118653/fa [in Persian]
Moreno M, Harwell M, Guzey SS, Phillips A, Moore JT. (2016). “Complex applications of HLM in studies of science and mathematics achievement: Cross-classified random effects models”.
School Science and Mathematics. 116: 338-351.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12191.
Nalick M, Kuban S, Ridge JW, Zardkoohi A, Bierman L, Schijven M. (2023). “When not one of the crowd: The effects of CEO ideological divergence on lobbying strategy”.
Journal of Management. 49: 1106-1139.
https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063211073690.
Osborne JW. (2010). “Improving your data transformations: Applying the Box-Cox transformation”.
Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation. 15(12), 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.7275/qbpc-gk17.
Pierson P, Schickler E. (2020). “Madison’s constitution under stress: A developmental analysis of political polar-ization”.
Annual Review of Political Science. 23: 37-58.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-033629.
Proxy Preview. (2024). “As You Sow”.
https://www.proxypreview.org.
Quigley TJ, Graffin SD. (2017). “Reaffirming the CEO effect is significant and much larger than chance: A comment on Fitza (2014)”.
Strategic Management Journal. 38: 793-801.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2503.
Raudenbush SW. (1993). “A crossed random effects model for unbalanced data with applications in cross-sectional and longitudinal research”.
Journal of Educational Statistics. 18: 321-349.
https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986018004321.
Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rehbein K, Schuler DA. (2015). “Linking corporate community programs and political strategies: A resource- based view”.
Business & Society. 54: 794-821.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650313478024.
---------------. (1999). “Testing the firm as a filter of corporate political action”.
Business & Society. 38: 144-166.
https://doi.org/10.1177/000765039903800202.
Richardson AM, Welsh AH. (1995). “Robust restricted maximum likelihood in mixed linear models”.
Biometrics. 51: 1429-1439.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2533273.
Ridge JW, Ingram A, Hill AD. (2017). “Beyond lobbying expenditures: How lobbying breadth and political connectedness affect firm outcomes”.
Academy of Management Journal. 60: 1138-1163.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0584.
Rudy BC, Johnson AF. (2019). “The chief political officer: CEO characteristics and firm investment in corpo- rate political activity”.
Business & Society. 58: 612-643.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316675606.
Rumelt RP. (1991). “How much does industry matter?”.
Strategic Management Journal. 12: 167-185.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250120302.
Sablin KS, Kislitsyn DV. (2024). “Political Connections of Top Entrepreneurs: Approaches to Measuring and Evidence in Contemporary Russia”.
Journal of Siberian Federal University.Humanities & Social Sciences. 17(3).
https://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/152709.
Schein EH. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Schmidt MG. (1996). “When parties matter: A review of the possibilities and limits of partisan influence on public policy”.
European Journal of Political Research. 30: 155-183.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1996.tb00673.x.
Schuler DA. (1996). “Corporate political strategy and foreign competition: The case of the steel industry”.
Academy of Management Journal. 39: 720-737.
https://doi.org/10.5465/256661.
Schuler DA, Rehbein K, Green CD. (2019). “Is corporate political activity a field?”.
Business & Society. 58: 1376-1405.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316680206.
Scott WR. (2008). Institutions and organizations: Ideas and interests. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Selznick P. (2011). Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation. New Orleans, LA: Quid Pro Books.
Semadeni M, Chin M, Krause R. (2022). “Pumping the brakes: Examining the imPolitical Action Committeet of CEO political ideology divergence on firm responses”.
Academy of Management Journal. 65: 516-544.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2019.1131.
Shaffer B. (1995). “Firm-level responses to government regulation: Theoretical and research approaches”. Journal of Management. 21: 495-514.
Short JC, Ketchen DJ Jr., Bennett N, Du Toit M. (2006). “An examination of firm, industry, and time effects on performance using random coefficients modeling”.
Organizational Research Methods. 9: 259-284.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106287572.
Tahoun A. (2014). “The role of stock ownership by US members of congress on the market for political favors”.
Journal of Financial Economics. 111: 86-110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.10.008.
Tripathi M. (2000). “Political Action Committee contributions and defense contracting”.
Business and Politics. 2: 53-73.
https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1003.
Unsal O, Hassan MK, Zirek D. (2016). “Corporate lobbying, CEO political ideology and firm performance”.
Journal of Corporate Finance. 38: 126-149.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.04.001.
USAGov. (2023). “Branches of the U.S. government”.
https://www.usa.gov/branches-of-government.
Wang L, Fan X, Willson VL. (1996). “Effects of nonnormal data on parameter estimates and fit indices for a model with latent and manifest variables: An empirical study”. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 3: 228-247.
Witko C. (2011). “Campaign contributions, access, and government contracting”.
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 21: 761-778.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur005.
Zardkoohi A. (1988). “Market structure and campaign contributions: Does concentration matter? A reply”.
Public Choice. 58: 187-191.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00125723.
Zhang L. (2005). “Do measures of college quality matter? The effect of college quality on graduates’ earnings”.
The Review of Higher Education. 28: 571-596.
https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2005.0053.