Ai M, Feng W, Heinzel C, Chen S, Yang LE. (2026). “Bridging planned and autonomous adaptation for flood resilience in multi-ethnic communities along China’s Tea-Horse Road”.
Chinese Journal of Sociology. 12(1): 94-121.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X261419582.
Asuamah Yeboah S. (2024). “Assessing climate change impacts on food security in Africa: Regional variations and socio-economic perspectives”.
MPRA Paper. No. 120918. Munich Personal RePEc Archive.
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/120918/.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2022). “
Preliminary report on population and housing census”. September 7. http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/en/posts/95/Preliminary%20Report%20on%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%202022.
Bekuma T, Mamo G, Regassa A. (2022). “Variability and trends of climate in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia”.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1016(1): 012032.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012032.
Bhanye J. (2025). “A review study on community-based flood adaptation in informal settlements in the Global South”.
Discover Sustainability. 6(1).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01449-6.
Billiot S, Beltrán R, Brown D, Mitchell FM, Fernandez A. (2019). “Indigenous perspectives for strengthening social responses to global environmental changes: A response to the social work grand challenge on environmental change”.
Journal of Community Practice. 27(3-4): 296-316.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2019.1658677.
Braun V, Clarke V. (2006). “Using thematic analysis in psychology”.
Qualitative Research in Psychology. 3(2): 77-101.
https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
Bryan E, Alvi M, Huyer S, Ringler C. (2023). “Addressing gender inequalities and strengthening women’s agency to create more climate-resilient and sustainable food systems”.
Global Food Security. 40: 100731.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100731.
Chandra J, Paswan B. (2020). “Perception about migration among Oraon tribes in India”.
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 8(2): 616-622.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.013.
Chaudhuri S. (2018). “Livelihood patterns and survival strategies of the poor in Kolkata”.
Social Change. 48(3): 345-366.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085718781662.
Chowdhury RI, Hossain MA, Farid ZI. (2026). “Gender-responsive climate resilience through community-based adaptation: A policy-practice interface study in southern Bangladesh”.
Progress in Disaster Science. 30: 100568.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100568.
Chumky T, Basu M, Onitsuka K, Parvin GA, Hoshino S. (2022). “Disaster-induced migration types and patterns, drivers, and impact: A union-level study in Bangladesh”.
World Development Sustainability. 1: 100013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2022.100013.
Creswell JW, Creswell JD. (2018).
Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. 5th ed. Sage Publications.
https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/research-design/book270550.
Currenti R, Pearce T, Salabogi T, Vuli L, Salabogi K, Doran B, Kitson R, Ford J. (2019). “Adaptation to climate change in an interior Pacific Island village: A case study of Nawairuku, Ra, Fiji”.
Human Ecology. 47(1): 65-80.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-0049-8.
Datta R, Singha R, Hurlbert M. (2024). “Indigenous land-based perspectives on environmental sustainability: Learning from the Khasis Indigenous Community in Bangladesh”.
Sustainability. 16(9): 3678.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093678.
Davies S. (1993). “Are coping strategies a cop out?”.
IDS Bulletin. 24(4): 60-72.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1993.mp24004007.x.
Demi SM, Ahmed TA. (2025). “Effects of climate change on indigenous food systems and smallholder farmers in the Tolon district of the northern region of Ghana”.
Green Health. 1(3): 15.
https://doi.org/10.3390/greenhealth1030015.
Dey S. (2023). “Climate change effects on livestock production in Bangladesh and its economic impacts”.
SAARC Journal of Agriculture. 21(2): 227-238.
https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v21i2.68030.
Dodman D, Sverdlik A, Agarwal S, Kadungure A, Kothiwal K, Machemedze R, Verma S. (2023). “Climate change and informal workers: Towards an agenda for research and practice”.
Urban Climate. 48: 101401.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101401.
Dorji T, Rinchen K, Morrison-Saunders A, Blake D, Banham V, Pelden S. (2024). “Understanding how indigenous knowledge contributes to climate change adaptation and resilience: A systematic literature review”.
Environmental Management. 74(6): 1101-1123.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-024-02032-x.
Ford JD. (2012). “Indigenous health and climate change”.
American Journal of Public Health. 102(7): 1260-1266.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300752.
Ford JD, King N, Galappaththi EK, Pearce T, McDowell G, Harper SL. (2020). “The resilience of Indigenous peoples to environmental change”.
One Earth. 2(6): 532-543.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.014.
Garai J. (2025). “Impacts of climate change and environmental degradation on indigenous people in Bangladesh: An ethnographic study”.
Wild. 2(2): 13.
https://doi.org/10.3390/wild2020013.
Garai J, Ku HB, Zhan Y. (2022). “Climate change and cultural responses of indigenous people: A case from Bangladesh”.
Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. 4: 100130.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100130.
Gilmore EA, Wrathall D, Adams H, Buhaug H, Castellanos E, Hilmi N, McLeman R, Singh C, Adelekan I. (2024). “Defining severe risks related to mobility from climate change”.
Climate Risk Management. 44: 100601.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100601.
Habib MA, Babur KMAR, Islam MM, Akter N, Bari MS, Bashir MA, Ali MM. (2025). “Climate change dynamics and their effects on Bangladeshi agriculture: A systematic review”.
Nature-Based Solutions. 8: 100275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100275.
Hill KX, Johnston LJ, Blue MR, Probst J, Staecker M, Jennings LL. (2024). “Rematriation and climate justice: Intersections of indigenous health and place”.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health. 18: 100314.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2024.100314.
Hoque MM, Ahmed N, Khan MAI, Bhuyan MS. (2026). “Causes, consequences and processes of climate induced coastal migration in Bangladesh”.
Discover Oceans. 3(1).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44289-026-00126-4.
Hossain B, Shi G, Ajiang C, Sarker MNI, Sohel MS, Sun Z, Yang Q. (2022). “Climate change induced human displacement in Bangladesh: Implications on the livelihood of displaced riverine island dwellers and their adaptation strategies”.
Frontiers in Psychology. 13: 964648.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.964648.
International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2016).
The Traditional Knowledge Advantage: Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies.
https://www.uncclearn.org/resources/library/the-traditional-knowledge-advantage-indigenous-peoples-knowledge-in-climate-change-adaptation-and-mitigation-strategies-2/.
Kelman I, Mercer J, Gaillard J. (2012). “Indigenous knowledge and disaster risk reduction”.
Geography. 97(1): 12-21.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2012.12094332.
Khan I, Zafar M, Wahab FU, Ahmed S. (2026). “Socioeconomic impacts of climate change on rural livelihoods in Pakistan”.
Social Science Review Archives. 4(1): 2456-2468.
https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v4i1.1782.
Liu Q, Du M, Wang Y, Deng J, Yan W, Qin C, Liu M, Liu J. (2024). “Global, regional and national trends and impacts of natural floods, 1990–2022”.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 102(6): 410-420.
https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.23.290243.
Makondo CC, Thomas DS. (2018). “Climate change adaptation: Linking indigenous knowledge with western science for effective adaptation”.
Environmental Science & Policy. 88: 83-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.06.014.
Mirzabaev A, Bezner Kerr R, Hasegawa T, Pradhan P, Wreford A, Cristina Tirado von der Pahlen M, Gurney-Smith H. (2023). “Severe climate change risks to food security and nutrition”.
Climate Risk Management. 39: 100473.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100473.
Mondol B, Paul B. (2024). “A study on the social status of indigenous women in Rangpur, Bangladesh”.
International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. 14: 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2024.v14.9215.
Mugambiwa SS. (2018). “Adaptation measures to sustain indigenous practices and the use of indigenous knowledge systems to adapt to climate change in Mutoko Rural District of Zimbabwe”.
Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. 10(1): 388.
https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.388.
Mukherjee N, Bhattacharya P. (2024). “Impact of climate change on Indigenous communities: Voices of tribal people”.
World Evidence-Based Healthcare Day. 20 October.
https://doi.org/10.70253/jdnb3172.
Nahar N, Uddin M, Gurley ES, Hossain MJ, Sultana R, Luby SP. (2015). “Cultural and economic motivation of pig raising practices in Bangladesh”.
EcoHealth. 12(4): 611-620.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1046-z.
Nakashima D, Krupnik I, Rubis JT. (2018).
Indigenous Knowledge for Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316481066.
Nakasu T. (2025). “Disaster risk assessment in Asian countries: A novel deductive approach”.
Discover Environment. 3(1).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00228-4.
Pal N, Akter S, Khatun MA, Alam M. (2017). “Socio economic status of the ethnic community in Bangladesh: An analysis using socio economic index”.
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance. 8(3): 92-97.
https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-0803029297.
Pandey CL. (2025). “Climate change, floods, and community resilience: A study of the Kamala River Basin, Nepal”.
Journal of Flood Risk Management. 18(2): e70069.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.70069.
Rahman MM, Chaity NJ, Hossain MT, Alam E. (2025). “Exploring factors affecting disaster risk perception in ethnic minority: A case study in Garo community, Bangladesh”.
Progress in Disaster Science. 26: 100424.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2025.100424.
Romanello M, Walawender M, Hsu SC, Moskeland A, Palmeiro-Silva Y, Scamman D, Ali Z, Ameli N, Angelova D, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Basart S, Beagley J, Beggs PJ, Blanco-Villafuerte L, Cai W, Callaghan M, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers JD, Chicmana-Zapata V, ... Costello A. (2024). “The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Facing record-breaking threats from delayed action”.
The Lancet. 404(10465): 1847–1878.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01822-1.
Roy A, Kumar S, Rahaman M. (2023). “Exploring climate change impacts on rural livelihoods and adaptation strategies: Reflections from marginalized communities in India”.
Environmental Development. 49: 100937.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100937.
Saxena AK, Fuentes XC, Herbas RG, Humphries DL. (2016). “Indigenous food systems and climate change: Impacts of climatic shifts on the production and processing of native and traditional crops in the Bolivian Andes”.
Frontiers in Public Health. 4: 20.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00020.
Schlingmann A, Graham S, Benyei P, Corbera E, Martinez Sanesteban I, Marelle A, Solemany-Fard R, Reyes-García V. (2021). “Global patterns of adaptation to climate change by Indigenous Peoples and local communities: A systematic review”.
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 51: 55-64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.002.
Shah MF, Shabbir R, Sultana F, Razu MAH. (2025). “Climate change effects on health and coping strategies of the Indigenous people: A case study of the Santal community in Bangladesh”.
Environment and Ecology Research. 13(6): 868-879.
https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2025.130609.
Siwila LC. (2022). “An African ecofeminist appraisal of the value of indigenous knowledge systems in responding to environmental degradation and climate change”. In
African Perspectives on Religion and Climate Change: 65–78. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003147909-5.
Tambile ED, Ramachandran VS, Rajendrakumar S, Remesh M, Ramaswamy J, Ramesh MV. (2024). “Rural livelihoods sustainability in South Asia and Africa: A systematic review with bibliometric analysis”.
Discover Sustainability. 5(1).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00651-2.
Tenny S, Brannan JM, Brannan GD. (2022). “Qualitative Study”. In
StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/.
Toppo A, Rahman MR, Ali MY, Javed A. (2016). “Socio-economic condition of plain land tribal people in Bangladesh”.
Social Sciences. 5(4): 58-63.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20160504.12.
Uddin A. (2016). “Dynamics of strategies for survival of the indigenous people in Southeastern Bangladesh”.
Ethnopolitics. 15(3): 319-338.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2015.1037060.
United Nations Development Programme. (2024). “Indigenous knowledge is crucial in the fight against climate change–here's why”.
UNDP Climate Promise. 31 July.
https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/indigenous-knowledge-crucial-fight-against-climate-change-heres-why.
Vecchio EA, Dickson M, Zhang Y. (2022). “Indigenous mental health and climate change: A systematic literature review”.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health. 6: 100121.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100121.