مطالعات کشورها

مطالعات کشورها

تغییرات معیشتی و راهبردهای سازگاری ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی در میان جامعۀ بومی اورائون در شمال بنگلادش

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بیگم روکیا، رنگپور، بنگلادش.
2 گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه داکا، داکا، بنگلادش.
چکیده
جوامع بومی با دگرگونی‌های چشمگیری در شیوه‌های سنتی زندگی خود مواجه شده‌اند؛ دگرگونی‌هایی که آنان را در مقایسه با جمعیت‌های غیربومی، از نظر اجتماعی، اقتصادی و ‌محیط‌زیستی آسیب‌پذیرتر ساخته است. باوجوداین، تغییرات معیشتی و راهبردهای سازگاری ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی در میان جوامع بومی ساکن دشت‌های بنگلادش، به‌ویژه در منطقة رانگپور، تاکنون کمتر مطالعه شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات معیشتی ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی و راهبردهای سازگاری جامعۀ بومی اورائون، بر تأثیرات تغییرات اقلیمی و نظام‌های معیشتی و راهبردهای بقا در این جامعه تمرکز دارد. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از طرح پژوهشی کیفیِ اکتشافی انجام شده است. بدین منظور، ۱۵ مصاحبۀ عمیق با اعضای جامعۀ بومی اورائون، بالای ۳۰ سال، صورت گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از چارچوب شش‌مرحله‌ای تحلیل مضمون براون و کلارک (2006) به‌طور مضمون‌محور تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تغییرات اقلیمی دسترسی به منابع آبزی، منابع جنگلی و گیاهان دارویی را کاهش داده است؛ در نتیجه، تنوع غذایی، فرصت‌های درآمدزایی و نیز تداوم شیوه‌های سنتی درمانگری کاهش یافته است. اعضای جامعۀ بومی اورائون برای مقابله با این پیامدها، راهبردهای سازگاری متعددی را اتخاذ کرده‌اند؛ ازجمله گذار به شیوه‌های نوین کشاورزی، افزایش مشارکت زنان در فعالیت‌های اقتصادی خرد، تغییر الگوهای دامداری، اتکای بیشتر به نظام‌های نوین مراقبت‌های بهداشتی و درمانی، و مهاجرت گزینشی معیشتی به مناطق شهری. این اقدام‌ها، از یک‌سو بیانگر ظرفیت سازگاری این جامعه و از سوی دیگر، نشان‌دهندۀ افزایش آسیب‌پذیری اجتماعی و اقتصادی آن است. یافته‌های این پژوهش بر اهمیت اتخاذ تدابیر سازگاریِ حساس به اقتضاهای فرهنگی و مبتنی‌بر ابتکارات محلی تأکید دارد؛ تدابیری که از طریق تقویت خدمات بوم‌سازگانی، ارتقای معیشت‌های پایدار، حفظ دانش و فرهنگ بومی و اجرای برنامه‌ریزی‌های پاسخگو به ملاحظات جنسیتی، بتوان تاب‌آوری جوامع بومی بنگلادش را افزایش داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

Scope: Northern Bangladesh

حوزة موضوعی: شمال بنگلادش

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