مطالعات کشورها

مطالعات کشورها

دموکراسی در گفتار، استثناگرایی در عمل: سیاست ایالات متحده در قبال جنگ غزه، ۲۰۲۳–۲۰۲۵م

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدة علوم اجتماعی و سیاسی، دانشگاه پاجاجاران، سومدانگ، اندونزی.
2 گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدة علوم انسانی, دانشگاه دارالسلام, پونوروگو، اندونزی.
3 گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه آندالاس، پادانگ، اندونزی.
4 مدرسة کسب‌وکار، دانشکدة علوم مدیریت، دانشگاه فناوری دوربان، دوربان، آفریقای جنوبی.
5 مدرسة عالی دین اسلام صدرا، جاکارتا، اندونزی.
چکیده
در این مقاله، مفهوم «استثناگرایی دموکراسی‌گونه» در توضیح این مسئله بسط داده شده است که چگونه زبان دموکراسی در جایگاه ارزشی جهان‌شمول مطرح می‌شود، درحالی‌که تعهدهای ناشی از آن، بسته به روابط سیاسی و جایگاه ائتلافی کشورها، به‌طور نابرابر اعمال می‌گردد. در این مفهوم، نحوة استفادة دولت بایدن از زبان دموکراسی در توجیه سیاست ایالات متحده در جنگ غزه، از ۷ اکتبر ۲۰۲۳م تا ۲۰ ژانویه ۲۰۲۵م شکل می‌گیرد. در این پژوهش، دموکراسی ویژگی نظام داخلی محسوب نمی‌شود، بلکه به‌مثابة واژگان سیاست خارجی در پنج مؤلفه بررسی می‌شود: دموکراسی، حاکمیت قانون، حمایت از غیرنظامیان، نظم بین‌المللی مبتنی بر قواعد، و حق تعیین سرنوشت فلسطینیان از طریق راه‌حل دوکشوری. در پژوهش، با تحلیل تفسیری ساختاریافته، ۱۶ سخنرانی و بیانیة بایدن بررسی و با شواهد دیپلماتیکی و مادی آمریکا، از جمله اسناد شورای امنیت، یادداشت امنیت ملی، آرای دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری، داده‌های کمک امنیتی و نظرسنجی‌ها مقایسه شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد زبان دموکراسی، به‌جای محدودکردن انتخاب‌های سیاستی، تعهدات هنجاری را نابرابر توزیع می‌کند. امنیت اسرائیل تعهدی الزام‌آور تلقی می‌شود، درحالی‌که حمایت از غیرنظامیان و حاکمیت فلسطین بیشتر اهداف بشردوستانه یا بلندمدت مطرح است. در مقاله استدلال شده است استثناگرایی دموکراسی‌گونه سازوکاری گفتمانی برای حفظ ادعای جهان‌شمولی دموکراسی همراه با اعمال گزینشی تعهدات است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

Main Object: International Relations, Foreign Policy, Discourse Analysis

Scope: Gaza, United States

موضوع: روابط بین‌الملل، سیاست خارجه، گفتمان‌کاوی

حوزة موضوعی: ایالات متحده، غزه

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