مطالعات کشورها

مطالعات کشورها

حمایت داخلی در بخش کشاورزی کشورهای بریکس از منظر حقوق سازمان تجارت جهانی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه اقتصاد جهانی، دانشکدة اقتصاد، دانشگاه ایالتی سن‌پترزبورگ، سن‌پترزبورگ، روسیه.
چکیده
کشورهای بریکس در راستای آزادسازی تجارت محصولات کشاورزی، درصدد اجرای تعهدات خود مبنی‌بر کاهش حجم کلی حمایت‌های داخلی اخلال‌گر در تجارت (OTDS: Overall Trade-Distorting Domestic Support) اعطاشده به تولیدکنندگان بخش کشاورزی و نیز کاهش یا حذف کامل موانع دسترسی به بازارهای داخلی هستند. بااین‌حال، برخی کشورها همچنان با بهره‌گیری از سازوکارها و ترتیبات مجاز در چارچوب حقوق سازمان تجارت جهانی (WTO: World Trade Organization)، تدابیری اعمال می‌کنند که توازن امنیت غذایی را، هم در کشورهای بریکس و هم در خارج از این گروه، برهم‌می‌زند. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی ویژگی‌های سیاست‌های حمایت داخلی در کشورهای «بریکس قدیم» (برزیل، فدراسیون روسیه، هند، چین و آفریقای جنوبی) در بخش کشاورزی و در چارچوب مقررات حقوقی سازمان تجارت جهانی است. بدین منظور، انگیزه‌های اصلی اجرای سیاست‌های حمایت داخلی با تمرکز بر تجربة کشورهای بریکس تحلیل شده است. همچنین، مهم‌ترین قواعد حقوق سازمان تجارت جهانی در حمایت‌های داخلی تبیین شده است تا میزان انطباق کشورهای بریکس با محدودیت‌ها و تعهدات مقرر ارزیابی شود. افزون بر این، روندهای حاکم بر سیاست‌های حمایت داخلی در کشورهای بریکس بر پایة میزان حمایت‌های داخلی از نظر ارزش پولی و نیز انواع برنامه‌های حمایتی دولتی اجراشده در این کشورها بررسی شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش، جایگاه کشورهای بریکس را به‌عنوان بزرگ‌ترین صادرکنندگان برخی محصولات کشاورزی و نیز ظرفیت این گروه را برای ایفای نقش به‌عنوان ائتلافی مؤثر در مذاکرات کشاورزی سازمان تجارت جهانی آشکار می‌سازد. همچنین، با استفاده از داده‌های مربوط به سطح OTDS و بسته‌های مجاز اقدامات حمایتی، تصویری مقایسه‌ای از سیاست‌های حمایت داخلی در کشورهای بریکس ارائه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

حوزة موضوعی: بریکس

Scope: BRICS

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