ریسک‌زدایی در روابط چین و ایالات‌متحده و تأثیر آن بر نظم منطقه‌ای و بین المللی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدة علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

بدترشدن روابط بین ایالات‌متحده و چین از سال 2018م، تشدید رقابت‌های راهبردی با توجه به تنش‎های ژئوپلیتیکی، همچنین گسترش اصطکاک اقتصادی بین دو کشور از مناقشات تجاری به حوزه‌های گسترده‌تری مانند فناوری و امنیت زنجیرة تأمین باعث شده است این فرضیه شکل گیرد که پکن و واشنگتن درحال زوج‎زدایی هستند. زوج‌زدایی به این معناست که وابستگی متقابل بین چین و ایالات‌متحده، طی حداقل دو دهة گذشته، در حال تضعیف‌شدن است. بااین‌حال، در این پژوهش استدلال شده است روابط دو کشور بیش‌ از آنکه در مرحلة زوج‎زدایی قرار داشته باشد، در وضعیت ریسک‎زدایی است. بر همین اساس، این سؤال اصلی مطرح می‎شود که ریسک‎زدایی در روابط چین و ایالات‌متحده به چه معناست و تشدید آن ممکن است چه تأثیری بر نظم منطقه‏ای و بین‎المللی داشته باشد. در پاسخ اولیه، این استدلال مطرح شده است: در وضعیت کنونی که جهان در حال کندشدن جهانی‌شدن قرار دارد ریسک‌زدایی در روابط چین و ایالات متحده ممکن است به انحصارگرایی و حمایتگرایی منجر شود و با افزایش تأثیرگذاری تنش‎های ژئوپلیتیکی، بلوک‌های اقتصادی دوگانه شکل بگیرد. شکل‌گیری این بلوک‏های اقتصادی نیز خود به معنای کاهش نقش هژمونی ایالات متحده یا چین است که ممکن است زمینه‌ساز نظم چندقطبی بلوک‌محور شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

حوزة موضوعی: بریکس

Scope: BRICS

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مطالعات کشورها
دوره 2، شماره 2
شماره ویژه بریکس
1403
صفحه 249-278

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 بهمن 1402

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